{"action":"create","ckan_id":null,"date_created":"Tue, 10 Feb 2026 15:45:50 GMT","date_finished":null,"harvest_job_id":"f678c1f8-c23f-48e1-88c8-825e00918d7e","harvest_source_id":"f83dd8f3-6520-42b7-b59d-3efc501cb898","id":"2cc85172-b4f1-4f44-b0f8-3db0727b1340","identifier":"https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/aim/iso/xml/C00540.xml","parent_identifier":null,"source_hash":"c99ac812b214ce05fbf28ea28b58922fb6a592c7f5ca0d7b6c1f608ea8bdec2f","source_raw":"\r\n \r\n gov.noaa.ncdc:C00540\r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n utf8\r\n \r\n \r\n dataset\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2023-06-23\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2:2009(E)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Surface Radiation Budget (SURFRAD) Network 1-Hour Observations\r\n \r\n \r\n SURFRAD\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1995-01-01\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 9872_01\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 9872_02\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n gov.noaa.ncdc:C00540\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n John Augustine\r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n Meteorologist\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6415\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n john.a.augustine@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n principalInvestigator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n John Augustine\r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n Meteorologist\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6415\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n john.a.augustine@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/surfrad/\r\n \r\n \r\n Information\r\n \r\n \r\n SURFRAD (Surface Radiation) Network\r\n \r\n \r\n SURFRAD information and data from NOAA ESRL.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n tableDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Radiation measurements at SURFRAD stations cover the range of the electromagnetic spectrum that affects the earth/atmosphere system. Direct solar radiation is monitored with a Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (or NIP) mounted on the solar tracker. Downwelling global solar radiation is measured by an upward-viewing broadband pyranometer. The diffuse, or sky component, of solar radiation is measured by a shaded Eppley 8-48 pyranometer mounted on a platform that is attached to the solar tracker. A ball shades the sensor of the diffuse pyranometer, thus allowing only the radiation scattered by the atmosphere to be measured. A Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR), or pyrgeometer, is also mounted on the solar tracker shade platform to measure downwelling thermal infrared radiation. A third broadband pyranometer is mounted facing downward on a cross arm near the top of the 10-meter tower to monitor solar radiation reflected from the surface. Another pyrgeometer, also mounted facing downward on the cross arm of the tower, senses thermal radiation upwelling from the surface. Two instruments on the main platform monitor wavebands of special interest. A UVB radiometer measures the degree of harmful ultraviolet radiation (280-320 nm) that evades the ozone layer and reaches the surface. The other monitors the intensity of the waveband active in photosynthesis (400 to 700 nm). The last radiometer in the SURFRAD suite is the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) which measures both global and diffuse solar radiation in one broadband channel and six narrow bands of the solar spectrum. Instruments for measuring wind direction and speed, air temperature, and relative humidity are mounted at the top of the tower. Station pressure is measured at the main platform. Campbell Scientific Inc. data logging equipment samples and records signals from all instruments except the MFRSR. The sampling rate for the radiometers and the meteorological instruments is one second, and the logger has been programmed to record one-minute averages of the one-second samples beginning in 2009-01-01. Before 2009-01-01 three-minute averages were recorded. Conversion to physical units through calibration factors is done in post processing. The MFRSR has its own logger that spot samples at 15-second intervals and records one-minute averages of the output voltages. Only one-hour data are archived at NCEI. In 1999 and 2000, total sky imagers (TSI) were installed at all SURFRAD stations. This device documents sky conditions and cloud fraction every minute. These measurements aid in the interpretation of the radiation measurements during the daytime, and also offer ground truth for satellite estimates of cloud fraction. Three stations now have surface latent, sensible, and soil heat flux systems, promoting them to surface energy budget stations. These surface energy budget measurements are welcomed by those who develop new atmospheric and hydrologic models that employ explicit surface physics\r\n \r\n \r\n The Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD) was established in 1993 by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory through the support of NOAA's Office of Global Programs. It is the first and only national network of its kind. Its primary objective is to support global change research, satellite programs, renewable energy research, and modeling with continuous measurements of the surface radiation budget, which includes upward- and downward-directed shortwave and longwave radiation.\r\n \r\n \r\n onGoing\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n John Augustine\r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n Meteorologist\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6415\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n john.a.augustine@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Customer Engagement Branch\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1-828-271-4800\r\n \r\n \r\n 1-828-271-4876\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 151 Patton Avenue\r\n \r\n \r\n Veach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468\r\n \r\n \r\n Asheville\r\n \r\n \r\n NC\r\n \r\n \r\n 28801-5001\r\n \r\n \r\n USA\r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.orders@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n daily\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/surfrad/surfmap.gif\r\n \r\n \r\n Map of SURFRAD sites.\r\n \r\n \r\n GIF\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Net Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Surface Pressure\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Incoming Solar Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Ultraviolet Radiation\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction\r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Atmospheric - Surface - Surface Radiation Budget (including Solar Irradiance)\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2017\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Release 2017\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n World Meteorological Organization, United Nations\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTP\r\n \r\n \r\n Information\r\n \r\n \r\n GCOS Essential Climate Variables\r\n \r\n \r\n Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Colorado\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Illinois\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Mississippi\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Montana\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Nevada\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > Pennsylvania\r\n \r\n \r\n Continent > North America > United States Of America > South Dakota\r\n \r\n \r\n place\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Vertical Location > Land Surface\r\n \r\n \r\n stratum\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n GCOS > Global Climate Observing System\r\n \r\n \r\n project\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Radiometers > BSR > Broadband Solar Radiometer\r\n \r\n \r\n instrument\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Meteorological Stations\r\n \r\n \r\n platform\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Point Resolution\r\n \r\n \r\n dataResolution\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Horizontal Data Resolution Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1 minute - < 1 hour\r\n \r\n \r\n dataResolution\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Temporal Data Resolution Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n dataCentre\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2018\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Version 8.6\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Surface Radiation Budget (surfrad) Network\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Keyword Thesaurus Title\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Cite as: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 1995: Surface Radiation Budget (SURFRAD) Network Observations. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. [access date].\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., and E. G. Dutton (2013), Variability of the surface radiation budget over the United States from 1996 through 2011 from high-quality measurements\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2013-01-16\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Volume 118, Issue 1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n doi:10.1029/2012JD018551\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR)\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018551\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., and E. G. Dutton (2013), Variability of the surface radiation budget over the United States from 1996 through 2011 from high-quality measurements\r\n \r\n \r\n Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) article landing page.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., G. B. Hodges, C. R. Cornwall, J. J. Michalsky, and C. I. Medina (2005), An update on SURFRAD - The GCOS surface radiation budget network for the continental United States\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2005-10-01\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Volume 22, Issue 10\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n doi:10.1175/JTECH1806.1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JTECH)\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1806.1\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., G. B. Hodges, C. R. Cornwall, J. J. Michalsky, and C. I. Medina (2005), An update on SURFRAD - The GCOS surface radiation budget network for the continental United States\r\n \r\n \r\n Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JTECH) article landing page.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., J. J. DeLuisi, and C. N. Long (2000), SURFRAD - A national surface radiation budget network for atmospheric research\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2000-10-01\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Volume 81, Issue 10\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2341:SANSRB>2.3.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS)\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2341:SANSRB>2.3.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Augustine, J. A., J. J. DeLuisi, and C. N. Long (2000), SURFRAD - A national surface radiation budget network for atmospheric research\r\n \r\n \r\n Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) article landing page.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n textTable\r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere\r\n \r\n \r\n UNIX\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1\r\n \r\n \r\n -125.0\r\n \r\n \r\n -66.0\r\n \r\n \r\n 24.0\r\n \r\n \r\n 50.0\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ground condition\r\n 1995-01-01\r\n \r\n 1\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Station WBAN IDs and abbreviations: 03160 Desert Rock, Nevada (DRA); 04835 Bondville, Illinois (BON); 53830 Goodwin Creek, Mississippi (GWN); 54783 Penn State, Pennsylvania (PSU); 54918 Sioux Falls, South Dakota (SXF); 94044 Table Mountain, Colorado (TBL); 94045 Fort Peck, Montana (FPK);\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n distributor\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.\r\n \r\n \r\n Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n XML\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ASCII\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ASCII\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n PDF\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00540/html\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Dataset Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Landing page for the dataset.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 0.5\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/radiation/surfrad/\r\n \r\n \r\n Download\r\n \r\n \r\n ESRL CMDL FTP server\r\n \r\n \r\n FTP access to the 1-minute data at NOAA ESRL.\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/customer-support\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Customer Support\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI supports customers by providing information and access to data. Contact the NCEI customer support team to order off-line data archived at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n order\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/documentlibrary/tddoc/td9872.pdf\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Documentation\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Dataset Documentation\r\n \r\n \r\n Documentation for the 1-hour data format archived at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n dataset\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n The original source of the SURFRAD dataset in 1995 was the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory. It was transferred to the NOAA OAR ESRL Global Monitoring Division in 2005. The 1-hour data are archived at NOAA NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Raw voltages are downloaded and they are converted to physical parameters by applying calibrations on the local UNIX server\r\n \r\n \r\n Calibrations change as instruments are swapped out each year.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA OAR ESRL GMD\r\n \r\n \r\n processor\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n README\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/radiation/surfrad/Bondville_IL/README\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n README\r\n \r\n \r\n This is a general README documentation file for all SURFRAD daily data files from ESRL (one- or three-minute data).\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n repository\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.\r\n \r\n \r\n 2015-04-22T00:00:00\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n asNeeded\r\n \r\n \r\n Bulk metadata change applied on 2023-06-23. See version control repository history for metadata change details.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n","source_transform":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"non-public","accrualPeriodicity":"R/P1D","contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"DOC/NOAA/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce","hasEmail":"mailto:john.a.augustine@noaa.gov"},"describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Radiation measurements at SURFRAD stations cover the range of the electromagnetic spectrum that affects the earth/atmosphere system. Direct solar radiation is monitored with a Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (or NIP) mounted on the solar tracker. Downwelling global solar radiation is measured by an upward-viewing broadband pyranometer. The diffuse, or sky component, of solar radiation is measured by a shaded Eppley 8-48 pyranometer mounted on a platform that is attached to the solar tracker. A ball shades the sensor of the diffuse pyranometer, thus allowing only the radiation scattered by the atmosphere to be measured. A Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR), or pyrgeometer, is also mounted on the solar tracker shade platform to measure downwelling thermal infrared radiation. A third broadband pyranometer is mounted facing downward on a cross arm near the top of the 10-meter tower to monitor solar radiation reflected from the surface. Another pyrgeometer, also mounted facing downward on the cross arm of the tower, senses thermal radiation upwelling from the surface. Two instruments on the main platform monitor wavebands of special interest. A UVB radiometer measures the degree of harmful ultraviolet radiation (280-320 nm) that evades the ozone layer and reaches the surface. The other monitors the intensity of the waveband active in photosynthesis (400 to 700 nm). The last radiometer in the SURFRAD suite is the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) which measures both global and diffuse solar radiation in one broadband channel and six narrow bands of the solar spectrum. Instruments for measuring wind direction and speed, air temperature, and relative humidity are mounted at the top of the tower. Station pressure is measured at the main platform. Campbell Scientific Inc. data logging equipment samples and records signals from all instruments except the MFRSR. The sampling rate for the radiometers and the meteorological instruments is one second, and the logger has been programmed to record one-minute averages of the one-second samples beginning in 2009-01-01. Before 2009-01-01 three-minute averages were recorded. Conversion to physical units through calibration factors is done in post processing. The MFRSR has its own logger that spot samples at 15-second intervals and records one-minute averages of the output voltages. Only one-hour data are archived at NCEI. In 1999 and 2000, total sky imagers (TSI) were installed at all SURFRAD stations. This device documents sky conditions and cloud fraction every minute. These measurements aid in the interpretation of the radiation measurements during the daytime, and also offer ground truth for satellite estimates of cloud fraction. Three stations now have surface latent, sensible, and soil heat flux systems, promoting them to surface energy budget stations. These surface energy budget measurements are welcomed by those who develop new atmospheric and hydrologic models that employ explicit surface physics","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Landing page for the dataset.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ncdc:C00540/html","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Dataset Landing Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"FTP access to the 1-minute data at NOAA ESRL.","downloadURL":"ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/radiation/surfrad/","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"ESRL CMDL FTP server"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"NCEI supports customers by providing information and access to data. Contact the NCEI customer support team to order off-line data archived at NCEI.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/customer-support","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Customer Support"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Documentation for the 1-hour data format archived at NCEI.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/documentlibrary/tddoc/td9872.pdf","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Dataset Documentation"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) article landing page.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018551","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Augustine, J. A., and E. G. Dutton (2013), Variability of the surface radiation budget over the United States from 1996 through 2011 from high-quality measurements"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JTECH) article landing page.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1806.1","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Augustine, J. A., G. B. Hodges, C. R. Cornwall, J. J. Michalsky, and C. I. Medina (2005), An update on SURFRAD - The GCOS surface radiation budget network for the continental United States"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) article landing page.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2341:SANSRB>2.3.CO;2","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Augustine, J. A., J. J. DeLuisi, and C. N. Long (2000), SURFRAD - A national surface radiation budget network for atmospheric research"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.","downloadURL":"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Overview of the GCOS Essential Climate Variables.","downloadURL":"https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/global-climate-observing-system/essential-climate-variables","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"GCOS Essential Climate Variables"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"SURFRAD information and data from NOAA ESRL.","downloadURL":"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/surfrad/","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"SURFRAD (Surface Radiation) Network"}],"identifier":"gov.noaa.ncdc:C00540","issued":"1995-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","keyword":["Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Net Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Surface Pressure","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Atmospheric Emitted Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Incoming Solar Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Ultraviolet Radiation","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction","Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed","Atmospheric - Surface - Surface Radiation Budget (including Solar Irradiance)","Continent > North America > United States Of America","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Colorado","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Illinois","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Mississippi","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Montana","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Nevada","Continent > North America > United States Of America > Pennsylvania","Continent > North America > United States Of America > South Dakota","Vertical Location > Land Surface","GCOS > Global Climate Observing System","Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Radiometers > BSR > Broadband Solar Radiometer","Meteorological Stations","Point Resolution","1 minute - < 1 hour","DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce","DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce","Surface Radiation Budget (surfrad) Network"],"landingPage":"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/surfrad/","language":[],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","modified":"1995-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information"},"references":["https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018551","https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1806.1","https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2341:SANSRB>2.3.CO;2"],"rights":"otherRestrictions","spatial":"-66.0,24.0,-125.0,50.0","temporal":"1995-01-01T00:00:00+00:00/1995-01-01T00:00:00+00:00","title":"Surface Radiation Budget (SURFRAD) Network 1-Hour Observations"},"status":"error"}