{"action":"create","ckan_id":null,"date_created":"Mon, 30 Mar 2026 22:58:53 GMT","date_finished":null,"harvest_job_id":"de9364dd-a006-47df-b830-25f4153c7ff8","harvest_source_id":"b1bd9ece-a304-434d-80e3-1800ab1742db","id":"34a10b1b-fa6b-4a7a-bc27-6c22e8cf4556","identifier":"https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-model-5806.xml","parent_identifier":null,"source_hash":"c97a54f279109eacdae1e9a5dcc925ae14db9bae6d065af3d05aca725aae02aa","source_raw":"\r\n \r\n noaa-model-5806\r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n utf8\r\n \r\n \r\n dataset\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Center Contact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 828-271-4800\r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6513\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 325 Broadway, E/NE31\r\n \r\n \r\n Boulder\r\n \r\n \r\n CO\r\n \r\n \r\n 80305-3328\r\n \r\n \r\n USA\r\n \r\n \r\n paleo@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2024-04-25\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2:2009(E)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - CCM1 General Circulation Model Output\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2003-11-14\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n doi:10.25921/wjw0-fa81\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n noaa-model-5806\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 1200_02\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 1200_01\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Kutzbach, J.E.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Kutzbach, J.E.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Behling, P.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Behling, P.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Selin, R.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Selin, R.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n tableDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 14000 to 0 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.\r\n \r\n \r\n Computer simulations of past climate. Variables provided as model output are described by parameter keyword. In some cases the parameter keywords are a subset of all archived model output, and additional output is available upon request. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations.\r\n \r\n \r\n completed\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Center Contact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 828-271-4800\r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6513\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 325 Broadway, E/NE31\r\n \r\n \r\n Boulder\r\n \r\n \r\n CO\r\n \r\n \r\n 80305-3328\r\n \r\n \r\n USA\r\n \r\n \r\n paleo@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-model.png\r\n \r\n \r\n Paleoclimatology - Modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n PNG\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > model\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n What: geopotential height; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface type; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface net downward radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: eastward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: age; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: ice sheet thickness; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: large-scale precipitation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: specific humidity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: specific humidity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: runoff; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: air temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: northward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: northward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere outgoing clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: insolation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: air temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere net upward longwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: snow depth; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: precipitation minus evaporation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: large-scale snowfall; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: sea level pressure; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: air temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: snow temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: eastward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface net downward radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface net upward longwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: convective precipitation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: specific humidity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: specific humidity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: latent heat flux; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: northward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: vertical pressure velocity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: ice temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: cloud cover; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: northward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: soil moisture; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: latitude; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: planetary albedo; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: geopotential height; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: vertical pressure velocity; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: precipitation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface pressure; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: ice temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface downward x stress; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: eastward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface downwelling clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: sensible heat flux; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: geopotential height; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: geopotential height; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: convective snowfall; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: snow water equivalent; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: air temperature; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: surface downward y stress; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: eastward wind speed; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: longitude; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n PaST Thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE\r\n \r\n \r\n place\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n dataCentre\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Cite as: Kutzbach, J.E.; Behling, P.; Selin, R. (2003-11-14): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - CCM1 General Circulation Model Output. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/wjw0-fa81. Accessed [date].\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n None\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18,000 years\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1986\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Kutzbach, J.E., and P.J. Guetter\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Associated Reference published 1986\r\n \r\n \r\n Kutzbach, J.E., and P.J. Guetter, 1986: The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18,000 years. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 1726-1759, 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n geoscientificInformation\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Date Range: 14000 cal yr BP to 0 cal yr BP;\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n -180\r\n \r\n \r\n 180\r\n \r\n \r\n -90\r\n \r\n \r\n 90\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n -12050\r\n 1950\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: General circulation model experiments at 3000-year intervals for the past 18 000 years were made to estimate the magnitude, timing, and pattern of the climatic response to prescribed changes of orbital parameters (date of perihelion, axial tilt, eccentricity) and glacial-age lower boundary conditions (ice sheets, land albedo, sea ice and sea surface temperature). The experiments used the Community Climate Model (CCM) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The response of monsoon circulations and tropical precipitation to the orbitally produced solar radiation changes was much larger than the response to changes of glacial-age boundary conditions. The continental interior of Eurasia was 2\u20134 K warmer in summer, and summer monsoon precipitation of North Africa-South Asia was increased by 10\u201320% between 12 000 and 6000 yr BP (before present) when perihelion occurred during northern summer (rather than in winter as now) and the earth's axial tilt was larger than now. Southern Hemisphere summer monsoons were weaker during the same period. In northern midlatitudes, glacial-age features such as the North American ice shed exerted a strong influence on the climate until 9000 yr BP. Much of the climatic change of the period 12 000 to 6000 yr BP can be described as an amplified (weakened) seasonal cycle in response to the larger (smaller) seasonal radiation extremes of the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. Summers were warmer and winters colder in Northern Hemisphere lands, but there was little change in annual average temperature. However, because of the nonlinear relationship between saturation vapor pressure and temperature, the sensitivity of the hydrologic cycle to orbital parameter changes was larger in summer than in winter (and in the tropics rather than high latitudes); in the northern tropics, this led to a net increase in estimated annual average precipitation and precipitation minus evaporation. Many features of the results are in agreement with geologic evidence.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n distributor\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.\r\n \r\n \r\n Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Native Format(s)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.25921/wjw0-fa81\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Metadata Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5806\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Study Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Study page with data access information.\r\n \r\n \r\n search\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Information\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page\r\n \r\n \r\n General information for this data type.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/ccm1/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Download\r\n \r\n \r\n /gcmoutput/ccm1/\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Folder\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n asNeeded\r\n \r\n \r\n This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n","source_transform":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"non-public","contactPoint":{"fn":"Not provided - Contact data.gov","hasEmail":"mailto:datagovsupport@gsa.gov"},"describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Paleoclimatology Modeling. The data include parameters of paleoclimatic modeling with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 14000 to 0 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.25921/wjw0-fa81","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Metadata Landing Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Study page with data access information.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/5806","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NOAA Study Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"General information for this data type.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoclimatology-modeling","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Paleoclimatology Modeling Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Data Folder","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/ccm1/","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"/gcmoutput/ccm1/"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Kutzbach, J.E., and P.J. Guetter, 1986: The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18,000 years. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 1726-1759, 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Associated Reference published 1986"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords","downloadURL":"https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"GCMD Keyword Forum Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"PaST Thesaurus"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Information for contacts at NCEI.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Contact Information"}],"identifier":"https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-model-5806.xml","issued":"2003-11-14T00:00:00.000+00:00","keyword":["Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > paleoclimatic modeling","earth science > paleoclimate > model","What: geopotential height; Material: null","What: surface type; Material: null","What: surface net downward radiation; Material: null","What: surface temperature; Material: null","What: eastward wind speed; Material: null","What: wind speed; Material: null","What: wind speed; Material: null","What: age; Material: null","What: surface net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null","What: ice sheet thickness; Material: null","What: large-scale precipitation; Material: null","What: specific humidity; Material: null","What: specific humidity; Material: null","What: runoff; Material: null","What: air temperature; Material: null","What: northward wind speed; Material: null","What: northward wind speed; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere outgoing clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere net downward shortwave radiation; Material: null","What: insolation; Material: null","What: air temperature; Material: null","What: surface net downward clear-sky shortwave radiation; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere net upward longwave radiation; Material: null","What: snow depth; Material: null","What: precipitation minus evaporation; Material: null","What: large-scale snowfall; Material: null","What: sea level pressure; Material: null","What: air temperature; Material: null","What: snow temperature; Material: null","What: eastward wind speed; Material: null","What: surface net downward radiation; Material: null","What: top-of-atmosphere net downward radiation; Material: null","What: surface net upward longwave radiation; Material: null","What: convective precipitation; Material: null","What: specific humidity; Material: null","What: specific humidity; Material: null","What: latent heat flux; Material: null","What: northward wind speed; Material: null","What: wind speed; Material: null","What: vertical pressure velocity; Material: null","What: ice temperature; Material: null","What: cloud cover; Material: null","What: northward wind speed; Material: null","What: soil moisture; Material: null","What: latitude; Material: null","What: planetary albedo; Material: null","What: geopotential height; Material: null","What: vertical pressure velocity; Material: null","What: precipitation; Material: null","What: surface pressure; Material: null","What: ice temperature; Material: null","What: surface downward x stress; Material: null","What: eastward wind speed; Material: null","What: surface downwelling clear-sky longwave radiation; Material: null","What: sensible heat flux; Material: null","What: geopotential height; Material: null","What: geopotential height; Material: null","What: convective snowfall; Material: null","What: snow water equivalent; Material: null","What: air temperature; Material: null","What: surface downward y stress; Material: null","What: eastward wind speed; Material: null","What: longitude; Material: null","Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE","DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce"],"language":[],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","modified":"2003-11-14T00:00:00.000+00:00","publisher":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information"},"references":["https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<1726:TIOCOP>2.0.CO;2"],"rights":"otherRestrictions, otherRestrictions","spatial":"180.0,-90.0,-180.0,90.0","temporal":"1950-01-01T00:00:00+00:00/1950-01-01T00:00:00+00:00","title":"NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - CCM1 General Circulation Model Output"},"status":"error"}